28 Creative Trust Provisions: Operating Rules for a House That Lasts

What are creative trust provisions?

Most trusts say who owns the property and who gets it. Very few say how the house should actually run. That is the gap creative provisions fill.

A trust instrument has two kinds of language. The first kind is structural: the trust is irrevocable, it lasts up to 1,000 years under Wyoming law, these are the trustees, these are the beneficiaries. The second kind is operational: when an heir learns the trust exists, what the trustees do when a marriage ends, how a request for a down payment is weighed, what happens when someone in the family is struggling. Structure builds the walls. Operating rules decide whether the house is kept or slowly emptied.

We call these eight provisions "creative" because they go beyond the boilerplate of a typical trust form. Creative drafting is less about inventing exotic vehicles and more about writing specific operating rules, the ones sophisticated planners actually use for multi-generational preservation, not just "give it at 25, 30, and 35." Each has been used for years in high-end family planning, usually in trusts that cost tens of thousands of dollars to write. The Spacious Place's work is to make them understandable and accessible to everyday families, and to write them in the family's own words.

This article is education only. Whether any provision is enforceable, and exactly how, depends on the law of the state that governs the trust, its tax rules, and public-policy limits. Wyoming, South Dakota, Delaware, Nevada, Alaska, and similar states are usually more flexible than most. A poorly written incentive or silent-trust clause can backfire, which is why each provision below carries its honest limits. Our Family Legacy Trust is designed around Wyoming law.

Why do the operating rules matter more than the paper?

A family trust usually fails in one of three quiet ways. The money leaves through scheduled payouts that a creditor, an ex-spouse, or a bad season can reach. The heirs learn too early that a fortune is waiting and stop building their own lives. Or the trust cannot bend when the law or the family changes, and someone takes it to a public court to break it open.

Each of the eight provisions answers one of those failures:

• Leakage. Discretionary spray and homestead use rights keep property inside the trust instead of handing it out where it can be lost.
• Waste and entitlement. The silent-trust period, family bank incentives, and the wellness holdback shape how and when wealth meets a young or struggling heir.
• Rigidity and conflict. The trust protector, directed holdings, and family governance with a no-contest clause let the house adapt without being unwritten.

Ownership moves to the trust. Control and stewardship stay in the family. The operating rules are how the family stewards well once the ownership has moved.

1. How does a silent-trust period protect young heirs?

What it is. A silent-trust period, often called a quiet trust, is a stretch of years during which the trustees are directed not to tell a beneficiary that the trust exists, how large it is, or what its terms say, until a trigger the founders choose: a stated age, graduation, marriage, a sobriety milestone, or the death of a founder.

Why it preserves wealth. Knowledge of a large inheritance is itself a risk. It invites lifestyle inflation and the entitled trust-fund heir, it can make a young beneficiary a target in a lawsuit or a divorce, and it can complicate financial aid and personal security. A nineteen-year-old who learns that a large sum is waiting may stop studying, stop working, or start borrowing against expectations. Families who have watched it happen call it affluenza. Delaying the information often delays the damage: the silent period lets offspring grow into their own work and character before the knowledge arrives.

How it works. Wyoming's default rule, W.S. § 4-10-813, asks a trustee to keep qualified beneficiaries reasonably informed and to send them yearly reports. A Wyoming trust instrument can generally shape those defaults, and quiet-trust language does exactly that. In our Family Legacy Trust, the quiet-trust provision keeps beneficiaries sealed, and the Generational Spiritual Protection Rider sets age-staged information rights: what an heir learns, and at what age, as the family decides. Many families open the door in stages: the trust's existence and purpose in the late teens, the family values and governance in the early twenties, the treasury's figures later.

The designated representative is the safeguard that makes silence fair. This is a trusted person, named in the trust, who receives the trustees' reports in the beneficiary's place, starts the time limits for objecting to them, and, where state law allows, can bind the beneficiary in a settlement agreed outside court. Silence toward the heir does not mean no one is watching, and the trustees are not flying blind.

Honest limits. A quiet trust is not a secret from everyone. The trustees still owe duties, and banks, the IRS, and anyone the trust deals with will know it exists. A silent period that has no representative and no end date invites a later claim that the trustees acted without oversight. The designated representative is not a named document in our Legacy Folio; a family adds it through the Custom Private Family-Specific Amendment Rider.

2. What does a trust protector with situs, amendment, and veto powers do?

What it is. A trust protector is a person or body, separate from the trustees, holding defined powers to adjust and guard the trust. In The Spacious Place design, the family's Board of Sacred Stewards serves as trust protector. What matters most is that the protector is not the trustee, so one office checks the other.

Why it preserves wealth. A trust written in 2026 and meant to last 1,000 years will outlive the statute book it was written under. Laws change, states change, families move, and a trustee can drift from the founders' intent. Without a protector, the usual answer to "this no longer fits" is a petition to a court. Protector powers are the escape hatch that keeps an irrevocable plan from becoming a museum piece.

How it works. Under Wyoming law, persons given authority to direct, consent to, or disapprove a fiduciary's distribution or other noninvestment decisions are treated as trust protectors (W.S. § 4-10-718(b)). The Board of Sacred Stewards holds three core powers:

• Situs. It can move the trust's governing law and place of administration to a more favorable home if the law changes or the trust comes under attack.
• Amendment. It can amend administrative and technical terms so the trust keeps working as the law and the family change, within the boundaries the founders set.
• Veto. It can block a trustee action that departs from the trust's purpose.

The indenture's Decanting and Migration article works alongside these powers, so the board can pour assets into a new trust with better terms when that serves the family.

World-class instruments often give the protector more: the power to remove and replace a trustee, to direct distributions as well as veto them, and to add or remove beneficiaries within a class the founders defined. Our sample charter names situs, amendment, and veto; a family that wants the broader powers writes them in through the Custom Private Family-Specific Amendment Rider.

Honest limits. A protector is only as faithful as the people who fill the seat. Broad powers held by the wrong person can do as much harm as good, which is why our design places them in a family board with a written succession plan rather than one individual. Protector powers are designed to adjust the trust within its purpose; they are not a back door to make the trust revocable or to return assets to the founders' personal names.

3. How do matching-income and family-bank incentives work?

What it is. An incentive provision ties the trust's generosity to the beneficiary's own effort. A family bank provision makes the trust a lender and partner to the next generation rather than an allowance. Together they replace the automatic age gate, principal at 25, 30, or 35, with rules that reward effort.

Why it preserves wealth. Outright distributions at set ages subsidize idleness. Matching and lending subsidize productivity and keep the principal compounding. The founders built something by earning, saving, and risking; a trust that simply pays out teaches the opposite lesson.

How it works. The Generational Wealth Preservation Rider in our Family Legacy Trust outlines the family's distribution principles, tithe capitalization requirements, matching income and family bank incentives, and an annual spending cap. In practice:

• Matching income. The trustees may match what an heir earns, for example $1 to $2 of trust funds for every $1 of wages or documented self-employment income, with exceptions for disability and caregiving, up to a yearly limit the family sets.
• The family bank. Instead of gifting a down payment or startup capital, the trust lends it at a fair rate on written terms, or takes an ownership share in the heir's business, after the trustees review a business plan. Larger loans are often backed by life insurance on the borrower, so a default does not drain what remains for everyone else. Repayments and profits return to the treasury for the next heir.
• The spending cap. A yearly cap on total distributions, often a small percentage of the treasury's value, helps keep the principal compounding for the generations not yet born.
• A wealth test. Caps can be tied to the heir's own inflation-adjusted net worth, so a beneficiary who is already wealthy does not draw down the pool meant for others.

Honest limits. A matching rule written only around paychecks can punish the very lives a faithful family honors. A mother at home with young offspring, a missionary, a pastor, or a disabled heir may earn little. Good incentive language counts that work too, or gives the trustees discretion to treat it as earned. Loans from the family bank must be documented and actually repaid, or they become gifts in disguise, with all the protection and tax questions a gift raises.

4. What is discretionary spray, and why not a fixed payout?

What it is. A spray provision lets the trustees distribute income or principal among a whole class of beneficiaries, in whatever amounts and at whatever times they judge best, or to accumulate it in the trust. No beneficiary has a right to any particular payment. The class is concurrent: a spouse, descendants, and even charities can all be eligible at the same time.

Why it preserves wealth. Courts and ex-spouses attack what a beneficiary owns. A trust that pays a set amount to a named person on a schedule creates a right. A right can be reached. A mere expectancy, protected by a spendthrift clause, is much harder to reach than a scheduled payout.

How it works. Our Family Legacy Trust makes distributions 100% discretionary. No beneficiary has a right to demand a dollar. The trustees may spray or accumulate among a class of beneficiaries rather than specific individuals, and a detailed beneficiary share distribution process handles requests for extras. Paired with the spendthrift clause, which no beneficiary can assign away, this is designed to keep each beneficiary's share inside the trust until the trustees decide a distribution serves the family's purpose. Trustees can also pay a provider directly, a school or a doctor, so that the benefit is received without cash passing through the beneficiary's hands.

One drafting detail matters more than it looks: the instrument should state that other living members of the class exist, even when one beneficiary is unmarried and has no offspring. Some courts have treated a discretionary trust with a single beneficiary as too close to ownership.

Honest limits. Discretion asks a great deal of the trustees. Without written principles, it can feel arbitrary to the heirs and strain the family table, which is why the Wealth Preservation Rider sets distribution principles. Spendthrift protection has statutory exceptions in most states and does not cover property once it is paid out. On taxes, how undistributed income is reported depends on how the trust is designed; some trusts are grantor trusts reported on the creator's return, and others file their own returns at generally compressed trust rates (IRS, Instructions for Form 1041).

5. How can a directed trust keep the family business concentrated?

What it is. A directed trust splits the trustee's job. One office or advisor directs investment decisions; the other trustees carry out the rest. A concentration retention clause relieves the administrative trustee of the duty to diversify as to named concentrated positions, such as the operating company, a ranch, a single stock, or intellectual property, even when they make up most of the treasury.

Why it preserves wealth. By default, trustees generally owe a duty to diversify. Read strictly, that duty can push a trustee to sell a concentrated holding: the family farm, the machine shop, the company the founders spent their lives building. Forced diversification can become a tax and control disaster that sells the very thing that created the fortune: a sale can bring a tax bill, and the family loses its hand on the wheel. The clause preserves the asset and the family's ability to run it.

How it works. Wyoming law lets a trust instrument give a trust advisor authority to direct investment decisions. A trustee who follows those directions is treated as an excluded fiduciary for those decisions, and the advisor becomes the fiduciary in its place (W.S. § 4-10-718). Investment decisions include retention as well as purchase and sale. Our indenture divides fiduciary powers among four family offices: Ministerial, Investment, Distribution, and the Board of Sacred Stewards. The Investment office directs the holdings, and the Generational Spiritual Protection Rider addresses concentrated assets so the family's intent to keep the business is written down. In the Dynasty Architecture, the operating business can sit as a sub-entity under the family's own Wyoming Private Family Trust Company, which is set up to serve as the qualified Wyoming trustee, so the people who know the business are the people stewarding it.

High-end instruments often also limit the liability of family co-fiduciaries to willful misconduct, so a family member serving in good faith is not ruined by an honest business judgment. That limit is not a named clause in our package documents; a family adds it through the Custom Rider.

Honest limits. Keeping everything in one asset is a real risk, and a retention clause protects the trustees' decision, not the business's value. A wise family pairs retention with a plan: what the trust does if the business falters, who succeeds in running it, and when the Investment office may sell. Retention language waives a default duty; it does not waive good judgment.

6. Why should the trust own the home and give use, not title?

What it is. A use-factor real estate provision lets the trust buy and keep homes, cabins, land, and city apartments, and lets family members live in or use them, without ever transferring title to them. Think of the trust as the family timeshare.

Why it preserves wealth. Handing an heir a house is an easy way to put a prime asset into a divorce estate or a foreclosure. When a trust hands an heir a house, the house leaves the trust. It can be lost in a divorce settlement, a lawsuit, a foreclosure, or a bad business decision, and the next generation starts over. Use without ownership keeps the real estate in the protected pool.

How it works. Our Family Homestead Rider authorizes the trust to buy and retain homes and other prime real estate instead of distributing them. Beneficiaries receive occupancy and stewardship rights, not title. Carrying costs, insurance, and capital improvements can stay inside the trust, and occupancy of a shared cabin or city apartment can rotate by formula or by a family committee. The rider can set who may live where, who pays utilities, upkeep, insurance, and property taxes, and how use passes when a family grows. Because the trust still owns the home, it stays in the family line while one generation after another lives in it.

Honest limits. Real estate in trust carries costs and rules of its own. Before moving a mortgaged home, the family talks with the lender, county assessor, and insurer. Federal law (12 U.S.C. § 1701j-3) limits due-on-sale enforcement for certain transfers into a trust where the borrower remains a beneficiary, but transfers into an LLC are generally not covered. A home moved into a trust may affect a local homestead exemption. And under W.S. § 34-1-139(b), real property held directly by a trust stays under the traditional rule against perpetuities, which is one reason many families hold land through an LLC the trust owns.

7. What is a wellness holdback?

What it is. A wellness holdback pauses distributions when a beneficiary fails specified screens or a clinician finds substance use or an untreated psychiatric impairment, pairs the pause with a treatment path, and resumes distributions when the beneficiary completes a program the trustees approve. It is a treatment path, not a moral lecture.

Why it preserves wealth. Addiction and untreated illness destroy both the beneficiary and the fund. A trust that keeps paying a beneficiary in active addiction may be funding the addiction. A trust that cuts the beneficiary off entirely may abandon a family member at the moment of greatest need. A blunt "you get nothing" clause often ends in litigation; a holdback with a treatment path spends a little to save the rest.

How it works. The holdback is written as grace with structure. The trustees may withhold cash distributions while still paying providers directly for treatment, sober living, housing, food, and medical care, or for a special-needs arrangement where one is needed, rather than cutting the person off. A defined path back, such as completing a trustee-approved program and a period of recovery confirmed by an independent professional, tells the beneficiary exactly how distributions resume. The heir is never written out; the door stays open.

Honest limits. Trustees are not clinicians, and the provision should lean on independent professionals rather than family judgment alone. Health information is private, so the language should say what the trustees may ask for and who sees it. A holdback is a tool for healing, not a punishment, and families who apply it harshly can drive the beneficiary away from the very help it was written to fund. The wellness holdback appears in our sample Dynasty Architecture charter; it is not a separately named Legacy Folio document, so families should treat it as something the sample charter / Dynasty Architecture may include.

8. How do family-governance participation and a no-contest clause work together?

What it is. A governance participation provision makes access to discretionary extras, never the basic safety net for health and education, depend on an heir's part in the family's governance: attending family meetings on investments, giving, and estate literacy; helping write a family mission statement; or serving on a junior distribution or giving committee. A no-contest clause, the "sue and you take nothing" rule, provides that a beneficiary who challenges the trust or brings it into a public court forfeits his or her beneficial interest.

Why it preserves wealth. The third generation does not lose the fortune because the document was clever; it loses it because nobody taught stewardship. Heirs who never sit at the table do not learn to keep the house, and when the founders are gone they inherit an office they were never trained for. Meanwhile, one discontented heir with a lawsuit can make a private family's affairs public and drain the treasury in legal fees. Governance clauses turn the trust into a school, not just a wallet.

How it works. The Generational Spiritual Protection Rider creates a family council for apprenticing the next generation, handling internal dispute resolution, and guiding the family's giving. Disagreements are meant to be settled at the table, inside the family, under the trust's own process. The no-contest provision in our sample charter disinherits a beneficiary who seeks to challenge the trust or bring it into a public court. Some families also write in, through the Custom Rider, that participation is a condition for discretionary extras, while basic health and education support never depends on it. The carrot and the guardrail work together: come to the table, and do not take the table to court.

Honest limits. Many states decline to enforce a no-contest clause against a challenge brought in good faith or with probable cause, and a clause cannot stop a beneficiary from asking a court whether trustees have breached their duties. Participation rules should allow for distance, health, and seasons of life, or they will reward proximity rather than faithfulness. In our documents the family council is part of the Legacy Folio's Spiritual Protection Rider, while the no-contest clause is one of the provisions the sample charter / Dynasty Architecture may include.

The other 20 provisions in our sample charter

The eight featured provisions above cover the questions families ask most. The other 20 complete the count of 28. Each one below is an item in our sample Dynasty Architecture charter, which is public on our documents page, and the number in brackets is its item number there. Whether any provision works as designed depends on the law that governs the trust and on how it is written, so read these as education, not as a promise of a result.

Stewardship and control

• Irrevocable assignment language (item 2). Property comes into the trust by an irrevocable assignment, written to add protection against creditors and against attempts to unwind the transfer.
• A duration clause of at least 1,000 years (item 3). The trust is written to last a minimum of 1,000 years, supported by Wyoming situs. Wyoming allows a trust to continue for up to 1,000 years when its conditions are met (W.S. § 34-1-139(b)).
• The trust's own private law (item 4). The charter states that the trust is governed by its own private terms.
• A written statement of the settlors' intent (item 5). The settlors name their reasons for creating the trust: perpetuity, private law, generational preservation, maximum privacy, and a broad, faith based Trust Purpose.

Protection and permanence

• A mandatory sweep into the private layer (item 8). Newly acquired or received revenue, money and assets move automatically into the private layer of the design.
• A Special Deposit bank account (item 9). The account is set up so the trust remains the "Account Owner," never the "Account Holder."
• Four family offices (item 10). Fiduciary duties and powers are divided among four offices: Ministerial, Investment, Distribution, and the Board of Sacred Stewards.
• No outside trustee requirement (item 11). The trust does not require an outside trustee; the family serves in its own offices.
• The family's own Private Family Trust Company as trustee (item 12). In the Dynasty Architecture, an unregulated Wyoming Private Family Trust Company serves as the qualified Wyoming trustee and the perpetual Ministerial Trustee for the trust's public affairs, so the public facing trustee never changes.
• A durable succession plan for the fiduciary offices (item 13). Each office has a written line of family succession, with a contingent, temporary outside successor trustee only if no adult beneficiary is able to serve.

Privacy, provision and the dynasty

• A spendthrift clause as a material purpose (item 15). The spendthrift clause is written as a material purpose of the trust, designed to protect against alienation and creditors, and the trust grants no beneficiary spousal rights. Wyoming recognizes spendthrift provisions (W.S. § 4-10-502).
• A written process for requests for "extras" (item 16). Beneficiaries ask for anything beyond ordinary support through a set process, so every request is weighed the same way.
• A coordinated structure for digital assets (item 17). An operating agreement, a custody and management agreement and a Memorandum of Instructions address the particular needs of digital assets and crypto.
• Authority for sub entities and a flow of assets plan (item 18). The Dynasty Architecture gives the trust authority to hold sub entities and sets out how assets move between the layers.
• Decanting, automatic migration and charging order protection (item 19). The trust can pour its terms into a new trust, move its home when the law requires it, and hold entity interests in a way designed to use charging order protection.

Family, heirs and the riders

• Family Heritage and Stewardship Rider (item 20). It recognizes offspring as an inheritance from God and the trust's material legacy asset, treats the parents' rights to nurture, educate, care for and guide their offspring as protected property under the trust.
• Generational Spiritual Protection Rider (item 22). It addresses optional prenups, age staged information rights, privacy and "no publicity" guidelines, concentrated assets, a family council for apprenticing, internal dispute resolution, and philanthropy.
• Custom Private Family Specific Amendment Rider (item 24). The form that lets each family customize its trust in the ways that suit it. Several of the featured provisions above are written in through this rider.
• Founder No Descendants Yet Rider (item 25). A single founder or a married couple with no offspring yet can set up the trust now, with a "Beneficiary Waterfall" for the stages of life, a future spouse, and failure of issue.
• Divorce, Deadlock and Removal of Settlors Rider (item 26). It sets out what happens if the founding settlors divorce or cannot agree.

How the 28 are counted. The 28 charter items are counted once each. The eight featured provisions are charter items (the quiet trust is item 14, the trust protector item 1, family bank incentives item 21, discretionary spray item 7, directed holdings item 6, homestead use rights item 28, the wellness holdback item 27, and the no contest clause item 23), and the other 20 are summarized above. Only provisions found in our sample charter are counted.

How do these provisions usually stack?

The high-end pattern is not one magic clause. It is a long-duration discretionary trust, the kind usually called a dynasty trust, sited in a high-privacy state that allows very long trust duration and has no state income tax, such as Wyoming, with:

• spendthrift protection and fully discretionary distributions;
• a protector and decanting authority;
• a silent period while the heirs are young;
• incentives and optional prenups once they are adults;
• directed holdings for the operating business.

Across a lifetime, that pattern looks like this:

• While the heirs are young, the silent-trust period and its designated representative keep the treasury quiet, spray provisions let trustees pay schools and doctors directly, and the homestead rider houses the family.
• As the heirs reach adulthood, age-staged information rights open the door, the family council begins their apprenticeship, matching income and the family bank reward their work, and optional prenups protect the house as they marry.
• Through the generations, the directed Investment office keeps the operating business concentrated, the wellness holdback stands ready for any heir who struggles, the no-contest clause keeps disputes inside the family, and the protector adapts the trust as the law changes.

This is what turns a trust from a container into a household. Each generation inherits an office of stewardship, not a lump sum of cash.

Where do tax tools fit alongside these provisions?

Specialist planners often fund long-duration trusts with tax-driven tools: spousal lifetime access trusts, grantor retained annuity trusts, and health and education exclusion trusts. These are funding machinery. The eight featured provisions in this article are behavior and leakage machinery: they govern how the house runs once property is inside.

The Spacious Place does not sell or set up those tax structures, and this article does not teach them. Federal treatment of any trust depends on how the trust is designed. Some trusts are grantor trusts reported on the creator's return, and some file their own returns (IRS, Instructions for Form 1041). Gifts to a long-duration trust and any allocation of the federal generation-skipping transfer tax exemption are reported on the federal gift tax return (IRS, Instructions for Form 709). At the state level, Wyoming has no state income tax. At today's $15 million per-person federal estate tax exemption, most everyday families build a Family Legacy Trust for stewardship and continuity rather than tax reasons.

What these provisions do and do not do

What they do. They are designed to keep property inside the trust rather than in an heir's personal name, to make distributions discretionary rather than reachable, to introduce wealth to the next generation slowly and with purpose, to keep the family business and homestead whole, to give the family a private way to settle disagreements, and to let the trust adapt across centuries through a family protector rather than a court.

What they do not do. They do not make anyone untouchable. Transfers made to hide assets from existing creditors can be undone. Spendthrift and discretionary protections have statutory exceptions and do not reach property once it is paid out. No provision can promise an heir's character; a trust can encourage faithfulness, but it cannot create it. The provisions do not change the law of a beneficiary's home state, a family court's view of distributions actually received, or the IRS's view of how the trust is taxed. And none of them works in a trust that is never funded or whose records are commingled with personal accounts. Faithful stewardship is required at the highest level.

When are these provisions not enough?

• When the trust is not funded. A trust governs only what it owns. Provisions over an empty trust are a beautiful plan with nothing to steward.
• When the family needs tax engineering. A very large estate seeking gift, estate, or generation-skipping strategies is usually better served by a larger team built for that work. Our provisions govern behavior, not tax outcomes.
• When there is an existing creditor or lawsuit. Moving property into a trust to avoid a known claim can be undone, and no provision changes that.
• When the family wants the assets back. An irrevocable trust with discretionary distributions is the wrong container for a family that expects to take property back into personal names.
• When the operating business is large or has outside owners. A company with partners, investors, or complex governance needs its own agreements; the trust can hold the family's interest, but the provisions here do not replace a partnership or shareholder agreement.
• When the family will not keep the table. Governance provisions assume a family willing to meet, keep minutes, and follow its own rules. Without that, the best drafting in the world sits in a drawer.

Your path

1. Talk it through at the table. Read the 28 provisions together. Which failures worry you most: leakage, entitlement, or rigidity? We encourage every family to pray over the decision and talk it through at the table.
2. Choose your structure. The Legacy Folio ($3,000) carries most of these provisions in one done-for-you Family Legacy Trust. The Folio + Wyoming Digital Asset LLC ($3,589) adds a container for crypto and digital holdings. The Dynasty Architecture ($6,500) adds a Pass-Through Trust and your own Wyoming Private Family Trust Company and Digital Asset LLC, and is the home of the full sample charter.
3. Write your operating rules. Choose which riders to adopt now, and use the Custom Private Family-Specific Amendment Rider for your designated representative and any other terms your house needs.
4. We write it for your house. Thirty days, done for you, bound in heirloom grade American full-grain leather.
5. Fund it and keep the house. Move your chosen property into the trust, keep the records from day one, and hold your first family council.

Frequently asked questions

Disclaimer

The Spacious Place provides education, trust architecture design, and document preparation only. This is not legal advice. Whether and how any trust provision is enforced depends on the law of the state that governs the trust.

Scripture quotations are from the King James Version (public domain).